Gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a share of GDP in Egypt from 2020-2022
In 2022, the gross domestic expenditure on research & development (GERD) as a percentage of Egypt's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) amounted to 0.72 percent. The share has been stable since 2020. The Egyptian constitution sets the GERD spending to one percent of the country's GDP. However, the de facto spending fell short of the allocated percentage.